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Fundamental principles underlying computation in multi-scale brain networks illustrate how multiple brain areas and their coordinated activity give rise to complex cognitive functions. Whereas brain activity has been studied at the micro- to meso-scale to reveal the connections between the dynamical patterns and the behaviors, investigations of neural population dynamics are mainly limited to single-scale analysis. Our goal is to develop a cross-scale dynamical model for the collective activity of neuronal populations. Here we introduce a bio-inspired deep learning approach, termed NeuroBondGraph Network (NBGNet), to capture cross-scale dynamics that can infer and map the neural data from multiple scales. Our model not only exhibits more than an 11-fold improvement in reconstruction accuracy, but also predicts synchronous neural activity and preserves correlated low-dimensional latent dynamics. We also show that the NBGNet robustly predicts held-out data across a long time scale (2 weeks) without retraining. We further validate the effective connectivity defined from our model by demonstrating that neural connectivity during motor behaviour agrees with the established neuroanatomical hierarchy of motor control in the literature. The NBGNet approach opens the door to revealing a comprehensive understanding of brain computation, where network mechanisms of multi-scale activity are critical. 

Neural mechanisms and underlying directionality of signaling among brain regions depend on neural dynamics spanning multiple spatiotemporal scales of population activity. Despite recent advances in multimodal measurements of brain activity, there is no broadly accepted multiscale dynamical models for the collective activity represented in neural signals. Here we introduce a neurobiological-driven deep learning model, termedmultiscale neuraldynamicsneuralordinarydifferentialequation (msDyNODE), to describe multiscale brain communications governing cognition and behavior. We demonstrate that msDyNODE successfully captures multiscale activity using both simulations and electrophysiological experiments. The msDyNODE-derived causal interactions between recording locations and scales not only aligned well with the abstraction of the hierarchical neuroanatomy of the mammalian central nervous system but also exhibited behavioral dependences. This work offers a new approach for mechanistic multiscale studies of neural processes. 

In this work, a deep learning-based method, STED-flimGANE, is introduced to achieve enhanced STED imaging resolution under a low STED-beam power and photon-starved conditions. 

Your brain can be divided into various areas, one of which is responsible for your sense of touch. This part of your brain can be divided into even smaller areas that communicate with each body part. We can use a special map of the human body, called a sensory homunculus, to help us understand the various sizes of these parts of the brain. We will explain how this map was created and tell you about research showing how these brain areas can change. One study showed that brain areas can be recycled, meaning that the brain areas that no longer receive messages from the body can be used by other functioning brain areas. Another study showed that these changes can even occur within a single day! These studies can help scientists to better understand the brain and to help people who have problems with the sense of touch. 

Abstract Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) is a powerful tool to quantify molecular compositions and study molecular states in complex cellular environment as the lifetime readings are not biased by fluorophore concentration or excitation power. However, the current methods to generate FLIM images are either computationally intensive or unreliable when the number of photons acquired at each pixel is low. Here we introduce a new deep learning-based method termedflimGANE(fluorescencelifetimeimaging based onGenerativeAdversarialNetworkEstimation) that can rapidly generate accurate and high-quality FLIM images even in the photon-starved conditions. We demonstrated our model is up to 2,800 times faster than the gold standard time-domain maximum likelihood estimation (TD_MLE) and thatflimGANEprovides a more accurate analysis of low-photon-count histograms in barcode identification, cellular structure visualization, Förster resonance energy transfer characterization, and metabolic state analysis in live cells. With its advantages in speed and reliability,flimGANEis particularly useful in fundamental biological research and clinical applications, where high-speed analysis is critical.